Numbers to numerals and back
Roman Numeral Converter
Roman numerals use seven letters: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500) and M (1000). Type on either side and the other one answers as you type, with the working shown underneath. Everything runs in your browser.
2026 in Roman numerals is MMXXVI.
Numbering a list in CSS? list-style-type: upper-roman (or lower-roman) does it without typing the numerals.
- M1000+
- M1000+
- X10+
- X10+
- V5+
- I1
- = 2026
One number or Roman numeral per line. Useful for a class answer sheet or a run of anniversary years.
Results appear here as you type.
A numeral is any run of the letters I, V, X, L, C, D and M with no other letter attached. Turn on Count capitals inside words to also read runs such as the XXXV in helloXXXVworld. Strict skips English words that are also valid numerals, such as I, MIX and DID. Nothing you paste is saved or sent.
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The whole system on one card
Seven letters, six subtractive pairs and four rules. This is everything the converter applies.
Subtractive pairs
| IV | 4 | V minus I |
|---|---|---|
| IX | 9 | X minus I |
| XL | 40 | L minus X |
| XC | 90 | C minus X |
| CD | 400 | D minus C |
| CM | 900 | M minus C |
The rules
- Write symbols from largest to smallest and add them up: MDCLXVI is 1666.
- I, X, C and M repeat at most three times in a row. V, L and D never repeat, so 10 is X, not VV.
- Only I, X and C go before a larger symbol, and only before the next two up. That is why 99 is XCIX and not IC.
- Above 3999 a bar over a numeral multiplies it by 1,000: V is 5,000.
Popular numbers
The values people look up most, with the tricky ones up front.
Years in Roman numerals
For tattoos, wedding dates and anniversaries. Every modern year, ready to copy.
Charts and references
Printable tables, from the first ten numerals to every year this century.
Roman numerals 1 to 10
The first ten Roman numerals, the set every beginner starts with. I through X, side by side with their Arabic values.Roman numerals 1 to 20
Numbers one to twenty in Roman form, covering the single letters and the first subtractive pairs like IV and IX.Roman numerals 1 to 50
A full one to fifty chart, ending at L. Handy for classrooms, clock faces and chapter numbering.Roman numerals 1 to 100
The complete one to one hundred chart, from I to C. The reference students and teachers reach for most.Roman numerals 1 to 500
Every number from one to five hundred in Roman form, from I to D, the range that adds the hundreds to what you know.Roman numerals 1 to 1000
The complete chart from I to M: every number from one to one thousand written in Roman numerals, in one place.Roman numerals 1 to 2000
Two thousand rows from I to MM, crossing from plain numbers into the values that double as historical years.Roman numerals 1 to 3999, the complete list
Every Roman numeral that exists in the standard system, from I all the way to MMMCMXCIX. The full list, nothing left out.Printable years chart: 1900 to 2099 in Roman numerals
Every year from 1900 to 2099 written in Roman numerals and formatted to go straight to paper: print the page as-is or take the ready-made PDF.
Tools and guides
For dates, tattoos, teaching and your own website.
Date generator
Any date in Roman numerals with your choice of separator and order, as text or an image.Wedding date
Your wedding date in the layouts couples use for rings, bands and invitations.Birthday
A birthday or birth year in Roman numerals, for a tattoo, a card or a keepsake.Tattoo guide
Correct spelling, date formats, styles and placement before the ink goes on.How Roman numerals work
The seven letters, the subtractive rule and the common mistakes, explained simply.Numerals that multiply to 35
Why V × VII = 35, with a checker that finds the numerals in any text and multiplies them.Printable chart
A one-page 1 to 100 chart that prints cleanly for the classroom or the wall.Worksheets
Practice sheets with answer keys and chart PDFs for teachers. All free.Embed the converter
Put this converter on your own site with one line of HTML.Free JSON API
A static endpoint for every number from 1 to 3999, open to any origin.
Common questions
What is the range of Roman numerals?
Standard Roman numerals run from 1 (I) to 3999 (MMMCMXCIX). The Romans had no symbol for zero and did not write negative numbers. Values above 3999 use an overline, called a vinculum, to multiply a numeral by one thousand.
Why is 4 written IV and not IIII?
IV uses the subtractive rule: a smaller symbol placed before a larger one is subtracted. So I before V means five minus one, or four. You will still see IIII on many clock faces, a long-standing tradition rather than a mistake.
Are my numbers private?
Yes. Numerus does the maths in your browser. Nothing you type is uploaded or logged.